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1.
Open Forum Infect Dis ; 10(7): ofad320, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37496609

RESUMO

Background: Few studies have examined the burden of postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PASC) in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to characterize PASC with self-reported questionnaires and clinical examinations of end-organ function in Lima, Peru. Methods: From January to July 2021, we recruited participants at least 8 weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis from a case registry in Lima, Peru. We evaluated participants for PASC with questionnaires, neuropsychiatric evaluations, chest X-ray, spirometry, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. We used multivariable models to identify risk factors for PASC. Results: We assessed 989 participants for PASC at a median 4.7 months after diagnosis. Clinically significant respiratory symptoms were reported by 68.3% of participants, particularly those who had been severely ill during acute COVID-19, and were associated with cardiac findings of ventricular hypertrophy or dilation on echocardiogram. Neuropsychiatric questionnaires were consistent with depression in 20.7% and cognitive impairment in 8.0%. Female sex and older age were associated with increased risk of respiratory (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.69-3.31] and aOR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.03], respectively) and neuropsychiatric sequelae (aOR, 2.99 [95% CI, 2.16-4.18] and aOR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.03], respectively). Conclusions: COVID-19 survivors in Lima, Peru, experienced frequent postacute respiratory symptoms and depression, particularly among older and female participants. Clinical examinations highlighted the need for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation among persons with severe COVID-19; psychosocial support may be required among all COVID-19 survivors.

2.
Rev. Cuerpo Méd. Hosp. Nac. Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo ; 14(4): 432-437, Dic. 29, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376245

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La oportuna prestación de servicios de salud es clave para reducir la morbimortalidad de pacientes crónicos, especialmente cuando se requiere una atención frente a un resultado crítico de exámenes auxiliares. En ese contexto, se evalúa un aplicativo web de resultados críticos en una Clínica privada acreditada por Joint Commission International (JCI). Objetivos: el presente estudio busca evaluar la efectividad de un aplicativo web en el reporte de resultados críticos de pacientes crónicos. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se compararon dos etapas: la etapa de línea de base (implementación del software) versus la etapa final (evaluación). Resultados: Se registraron 122 resultados críticos de pacientes crónicos en la etapa de implementación y 113 en la etapa de evaluación. Se encontró una disminución en la media del tiempo de respuesta del profesional en la etapa de evaluación con relación a la etapa de implementación. La transcripción en los registros incrementó del 75,4% al 93,8% p<0,001, la continuidad de la atención por el mismo médico incrementó del 41,0% al 54,9% p<0,03. Asimismo, se redujo en 68% la probabilidad de fallecimiento. Conclusiones: El aplicativo web de resultados críticos mejoró el registro de la atención y redujo la mortalidad de pacientes crónicos que tuvieron un resultado crítico.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, the use of health technologies in the health system has become a subject of constant study and innovation. In this context, in an institution accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI), a web application was implemented to manage critical results, which were defined as results that could put the patient's life at risk. Objectives: this study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of an application in reporting critical results. Material and methodo: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Two stages were compared: the baseline stage (software implementation) versus the final stage (evaluation). Results: 122 critical results were registered in the implementation stage and 113 in the evaluation stage. A decrease was found in the average response time of the professional in the evaluation stage in relation to the implementation stage. The transcription in the records increased from 75.4% to 93.8% p <0.00, the continuity of care by the same doctor increased from 41.0% to 54.9% p <0.03. Likewise, the probability of death was reduced by 68%. Conclusions: In the evaluation stage, mortality decreased and the transcription in the information registry of the critical results application improved towards the patient's clinical history. Likewise, it was possible to optimize the quality of care by ensuring that the follow-up of the patient throughout the entire care is carried out by the same doctor.

3.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357566

RESUMO

Introducción: La oportuna prestación de servicios de salud es clave para reducir la morbimortalidad de pacientes crónicos, especialmente cuando se requiere una atención frente a un resultado crítico de exámenes auxiliares. En ese contexto, se evalúa un aplicativo web de resultados críticos en una Clínica privada acreditada por Joint Commission International (JCI). Objetivos: el presente estudio busca evaluar la efectividad de un aplicativo web en el reporte de resultados críticos de pacientes crónicos. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se compararon dos etapas: la etapa de línea de base (implementación del software) versus la etapa final (evaluación). Resultados: Se registraron 122 resultados críticos de pacientes crónicos en la etapa de implementación y 113 en la etapa de evaluación. Se encontró una disminución en la media del tiempo de respuesta del profesional en la etapa de evaluación con relación a la etapa de implementación. La transcripción en los registros incrementó del 75,4% al 93,8% p<0,001, la continuidad de la atención por el mismo médico incrementó del 41,0% al 54,9% p<0,03. Asimismo, se redujo en 68% la probabilidad de fallecimiento. Conclusiones: El aplicativo web de resultados críticos mejoró el registro de la atención y redujo la mortalidad de pacientes crónicos que tuvieron un resultado crítico.


Introduction:Currently, the use of health technologies in the health system has become a subject of constant study and innovation. In this context, in an institution accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI), a web application was implemented to manage critical results, which were defined as results that could put the patient's life at risk. Objectives: this study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of an application in reporting critical results. Material and methods: Aretrospective cohort study was carried out. Two stages were compared: the baseline stage (software implementation) versus the final stage (evaluation). Results: 122 critical results were registered in the implementation stage and 113 in the evaluation stage. Adecrease was found in the average response time of the professional in the evaluation stage in relation to the implementation stage. The transcription in the records increased from 75.4% to 93.8% p <0.00, the continuity of care by the same doctor increased from 41.0% to 54.9% p <0.03. Likewise, the probability of death was reduced by 68%. Conclusions: Intheevaluationstage,mortalitydecreasedandthe transcription in the information registry of the critical results application improved towards the patient's clinical history. Likewise, it was possible to optimize the quality of care by ensuring that the follow-up of the patient throughout the entire care is carried out by the same doctor.

4.
Rev. méd. hered ; 31(2): 108-115, abr.-jun 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144824

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la técnica manual de cirugía de catarata con incisión pequeña (MSICS) considerando agudeza visual, astigmatismo postoperatorio, complicaciones perioperatorias y mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes en función de la visión. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal de pacientes operados de catarata con MSICS, entre el 2 de noviembre del 2009 y 30 de abril del 2010 en un centro oftalmológico privado de Lima. Se registraron las características demográficas y socioeconómicas, agudeza visual (AV), complicaciones perioperatorias, astigmatismo pre y postoperatorio y calidad de vida en función de la visión (CVFV). Resultados: Se realizaron 806 cirugías en 591 pacientes. La media de edad fue 75 años, 304 (51,49%) casos fueron del sexo femenino y 501 (84,74%) procedentes de Lima Metropolitana. Al alta, la AV sin corrección fue de 20/40 o mejor en 481 casos (59,64%), con astigmatismo quirúrgicamente inducido menor de 2,00 D en 732 (90,80%). En 64 (7,94%) casos ocurrieron complicaciones intraoperatorias y en 52 (6,45%), postoperatorias. La percepción de la CVFV del paciente en función de la visión a los 30 días fue: "Buena" en 311 (41,25%), "Muy Buena" en 405 (53,71%) con diferencia significativa (p<0.05) en relación a la evaluación preoperatoria. Conclusiones : El MSICS es una técnica quirúrgica altamente efectiva considerando una buena agudeza visual y bajo astigmatismo inducido postoperatorios, bajo porcentaje de complicaciones y significativa mejora de la CVFV del paciente.


Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the manual technique of cataract surgery with small incision (MSICS) considering visual acuity, postoperative astigmatism, perioperative complications and improvement of the quality of life of patients based on vision. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in patients operated on cataract with MSICS, between November 2, 2009 and April 30, 2010 in a private ophthalmological center in Lima. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, visual acuity (VA), perioperative complications, pre and postoperative astigmatism and quality of life based on vision (CVFV) are included. Results: 806 surgeries were performed in 591 patients. The mean age was 75 years, 304 cases (51.49%) were female and 501 (84.74%) from Metropolitan Lima. The VA without correction at discharge was 20/40 or better in 481 (59.64%) cases, with surgically induced astigmatism less than 2.00 D in 732 (90.80%). Intraoperative complications occurred in 64 cases (7.94%) and postoperative complications in 52 (6.45%). The patient's CVFV perception based on vision at 30 days was "Good" in 311 (41.25%), "Very Good" in 405 (53.71%) with significant difference (p <0.05) in relation to the preoperative evaluation. Conclusions: The MSICS is a highly effective surgical technique considering good visual acuity and low postoperative induced astigmatism, low percentage of complications and significant improvement of the patient's CVFV.

5.
N Engl J Med ; 374(24): 2335-44, 2016 Jun 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27305193

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Taeniasis and cysticercosis are major causes of seizures and epilepsy. Infection by the causative parasite Taenia solium requires transmission between humans and pigs. The disease is considered to be eradicable, but data on attempts at regional elimination are lacking. We conducted a three-phase control program in Tumbes, Peru, to determine whether regional elimination would be feasible. METHODS: We systematically tested and compared elimination strategies to show the feasibility of interrupting the transmission of T. solium infection in a region of highly endemic disease in Peru. In phase 1, we assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of six intervention strategies that involved screening of humans and pigs, antiparasitic treatment, prevention education, and pig replacement in 42 villages. In phase 2, we compared mass treatment with mass screening (each either with or without vaccination of pigs) in 17 villages. In phase 3, we implemented the final strategy of mass treatment of humans along with the mass treatment and vaccination of pigs in the entire rural region of Tumbes (107 villages comprising 81,170 people and 55,638 pigs). The effect of the intervention was measured after phases 2 and 3 with the use of detailed necropsy to detect pigs with live, nondegenerated cysts capable of causing new infection. The necropsy sampling was weighted in that we preferentially included more samples from seropositive pigs than from seronegative pigs. RESULTS: Only two of the strategies implemented in phase 1 resulted in limited control over the transmission of T. solium infection, which highlighted the need to intensify the subsequent strategies. After the strategies in phase 2 were implemented, no cyst that was capable of further transmission of T. solium infection was found among 658 sampled pigs. One year later, without further intervention, 7 of 310 sampled pigs had live, nondegenerated cysts, but no infected pig was found in 11 of 17 villages, including all the villages in which mass antiparasitic treatment plus vaccination was implemented. After the final strategy was implemented in phase 3, a total of 3 of 342 pigs had live, nondegenerated cysts, but no infected pig was found in 105 of 107 villages. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the transmission of T. solium infection was interrupted on a regional scale in a highly endemic region in Peru. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.).


Assuntos
Cisticercose/transmissão , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Doenças Endêmicas/prevenção & controle , Taenia solium , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Cisticercose/prevenção & controle , Cisticercose/veterinária , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Sus scrofa/parasitologia , Taenia solium/isolamento & purificação , Teníase/prevenção & controle , Teníase/transmissão , Vacinas , Adulto Jovem
6.
Pathog Glob Health ; 106(5): 312-8, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23265557

RESUMO

Taenia solium is endemic in most of the world, causing seizures and other neurological symptoms. Transmission is mainly maintained in rural areas by a human to pig cycle. Despite claims on its eradicability, sustainable interruption of transmission has not yet been reported. This manuscript reviews the conceptual basis for control, available diagnostic and control tools, and recent experiences on control in the field performed in Peru along the past decade.


Assuntos
Taenia solium/isolamento & purificação , Teníase/epidemiologia , Teníase/prevenção & controle , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Animais , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Humanos , Peru/epidemiologia , Suínos , Teníase/diagnóstico , Teníase/parasitologia , Zoonoses/parasitologia
7.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 27(4): 540-547, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-573932

RESUMO

Objetivos. Evaluar la competencia de los microscopistas en el diagnóstico de la malaria mediante paneles de láminas estandarizados en la Amazonía peruana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal, realizado entre los meses de julio y septiembre de 2007, en 122 establecimientos de salud de primer nivel de atención de la Amazonía peruana. En el marco del Proyecto PAMAFRO, se evaluó las competencias en el diagnóstico de malaria en 68 microscopistas sin experiencia (

Objectives. To assess the competency of microscopists for malaria diagnosis using standardized slide sets in the Peruvian Amazon. Material and methods. Cross-sectional study carried out in 122 first level health facilities of the Peruvian Amazon, between July and September 2007. Within the frame of the project "Control Malaria in the border areas of the Andean Region: A community approach" (PAMAFRO), we evaluated the malaria diagnosis performance in 68 microscopists without expertise (< 1 year of expertise) and 76 microscopists with expertise (> 1 year) using standardized sets of 20 blood smear slides according to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. A correct diagnosis (correct species identification) was defined as "agreement", a microscopist was qualified as an "expert" if they have an agreement ≥90 percent (≥ 18 slides with correct diagnosis), as a "referent" with an agreement between 80 percent and <90 percent, "competent" if they are between 70 and <80 percent and "in training" if they have <70 percent. Results. Microscopists with expertise (68.6 percent) had more agreement than those without expertise (48.2 percent). The competency assessment was acceptable (competent, referent, or experts levels) in 11.8 percent of the microscopists without expertise and in 52.6 percent from those with expertise. The agreement was lower using blood smear slides with P. falciparum with low parasitaemia, with P. malariae and with mixed infections. Conclusions. Is the first assessment, we found only one of three microscopists from the Peruvian Amazon is competent fro malaria diagnosis according to the WHO standards. From this baseline data, we have to continue working in order to improve the competency assessment of the microscopists within the frame of a quality assurance system.


Assuntos
Humanos , Malária/sangue , Malária/diagnóstico , Competência Profissional/normas , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Estudos Transversais , Microscopia/normas , Parasitologia/normas , Peru
8.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 27(4): 592-597, dic. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-573940

RESUMO

La neurocisticercosis, infección del sistema nervioso humano por el estadio larvario de la Taenia solium, es una causa importante de epilepsia y otras manifestaciones neurológicas en el Perú y en la mayoría de países en desarrollo. Desde 1987, el Grupo de Trabajo en Cisticercosis en Perú ha desarrollado una serie de estudios epidemiológicos que han llevado a estimar el impacto y entender la transmisión de la Taenia solium, y que posteriormente se aplicaron al diseño y ejecución de un programa de control en Tumbes, en la costa norte del país. En este artículo se revisan los principales hallazgos epidemiológicos, así como las líneas generales del programa de eliminación y las herramientas utilizadas. Los avances en el control de la teniasis/cisticercosis en nuestro país abren el camino hacia su eliminación y eventual erradicación.


Neurocysticercosis, the infection of the human central nervous system by the larval stage of the cestode Taenia solium, is an important cause of epilepsy and other neurological manifestations in Peru and most developing countries. Since 1987, the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru has performed a series of epidemiological studies which led to estimate the impact and to better understand the transmission of Taenia solium. This information was later applied to the design and execution of a control program in Tumbes, in the Northern Coast of Peru. This paper reviews the main epidemiological findings, as well as the conceptual framework of the elimination program and the tools used. Advances in the control of taeniasis/cysticercosis in our country open the road towards its elimination and potential eradication.


Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Cisticercose/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Cisticercose/veterinária , Peru/epidemiologia , Suínos
9.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 27(4): 540-7, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21308193

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess the competency of microscopists for malaria diagnosis using standardized slide sets in the Peruvian Amazon. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in 122 first level health facilities of the Peruvian Amazon, between July and September 2007. Within the frame of the project "Control Malaria in the border areas of the Andean Region: A community approach" (PAMAFRO), we evaluated the malaria diagnosis performance in 68 microscopists without expertise (< 1 year of expertise) and 76 microscopists with expertise (> 1 year) using standardized sets of 20 blood smear slides according to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. A correct diagnosis (correct species identification) was defined as "agreement", a microscopist was qualified as an "expert" if they have an agreement ≥90% (≥ 18 slides with correct diagnosis), as a "referent" with an agreement between 80% and <90%, "competent" if they are between 70 and <80% and "in training" if they have <70%. RESULTS: Microscopists with expertise (68.6%) had more agreement than those without expertise (48.2%). The competency assessment was acceptable (competent, referent, or experts levels) in 11.8% of the microscopists without expertise and in 52.6% from those with expertise. The agreement was lower using blood smear slides with P. falciparum with low parasitaemia, with P. malariae and with mixed infections. CONCLUSIONS: Is the first assessment, we found only one of three microscopists from the Peruvian Amazon is competent fro malaria diagnosis according to the WHO standards. From this baseline data, we have to continue working in order to improve the competency assessment of the microscopists within the frame of a quality assurance system.


Assuntos
Malária/sangue , Malária/diagnóstico , Competência Profissional/normas , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/normas , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Microscopia/normas , Parasitologia/normas , Peru
10.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 27(4): 592-7, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21308201

RESUMO

Neurocysticercosis, the infection of the human central nervous system by the larval stage of the cestode Taenia solium, is an important cause of epilepsy and other neurological manifestations in Peru and most developing countries. Since 1987, the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru has performed a series of epidemiological studies which led to estimate the impact and to better understand the transmission of Taenia solium. This information was later applied to the design and execution of a control program in Tumbes, in the Northern Coast of Peru. This paper reviews the main epidemiological findings, as well as the conceptual framework of the elimination program and the tools used. Advances in the control of taeniasis/cysticercosis in our country open the road towards its elimination and potential eradication.


Assuntos
Cisticercose/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Animais , Cisticercose/veterinária , Humanos , Peru/epidemiologia , Suínos
11.
Rev. méd. hered ; 20(3): 139-145, jul.-sept. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-540582

RESUMO

Objetivo: Estimar los factores asociados para enfermar de malaria en Llochegua û Ayacucho û Perú en el año 2003. Material y métodos: Estudio caso-control, randomizado, pareado por edad y sexo, considerando 95 por ciento de significancia, error beta 0,05 y una razón 1:1, se estimó una muestra de 55 casos. Se estudiaron los siguientes factores de riesgo: número de individuos en la casa, limpieza fuera de la casa, baño diario, uso de mosquitero, uso adecuado de mosquitero, exposición al vector entre las 18.00 y 21.00 horas y distancia de la casa a 200 m de cualquier fuente de agua estancada. Resultados: El uso adecuado de mosquitero (OR= 0,116; IC 95 por ciento 0,033û0,342), distancia de casaa 200 m o más de una fuente de agua estancada (OR= 0,112; IC 95 por ciento: 0,031 û 0,334), resultaron factores protectores. La regresión logística mostró: los que usan adecuadamente mosquitero tienen 85 por ciento menos chance de enfermar demalaria en comparación con los que no (p=0,001; IC 95 por ciento: 0,052 - 0,441), independiente de la distancia a la fuente de agua estancada, limpieza dentro casa y uso de mosquitero. Los que viven cerca de aguas estancadas tienen 6,6 veces más probabilidad de hacer malaria (p=0,001; IC 95 por ciento: 2,247-19,506); independientemente del uso del mosquitero, limpieza dentro casa y uso adecuado de mosquitero. Conclusiones: La distancia a la fuente de agua estancada ≥ 200 metros y el uso apropiado de mosquiteros son factores predictivos protectores de evitar enfermedad.


Objective: To estimate several risk factors related to malaria at Llochegua (Ayacucho, Peru) in 2003. Material and methods: Randomized case-control study, matched by age and sex; considering 95 per cent of significance, beta error 0.05 and ratio1.1, a sample of 55 cases was calculated. The following risk factors were included: Number of persons at home, cleaning of house, daily shower, use of bednets, adequate use of bednets, vector exposition between 18.00 and 21.00 hours, and home distance > 200 m to stagnant water source. Results: Adequate use of bednets (OR= 0.116; IC 95 per cent 0.033û0.342), home distance > 200 m to stagnant water source (OR= 0.112; IC 95 per cent:0.031û0.334), are protective factors. Logistic regression showed that those who use bednets adequately had 85 per cent less probability to get malaria compared with those who donÆt (p=0.001; IC 95 per cent: 0.052-0.441), independently from home distance to stagnant water source, house cleaning and use of bednets. Those who live closer to stagnant water source had 6,6 more probability to have malaria (p=0.001; IC 95 per cent: 2.247û19.506); independently of use ofbednets, cleaning house and adequate use of bednets. Conclusion: Home distance > 200 m to stagnant watersource and adequate use of bednets are predictive factors to prevent disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Malária , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
12.
Rev. méd. hered ; 20(1): 4-10, ene.-mar. 2009. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-537476

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar el costo directo de la cesárea y el porcentaje de reembolso realizado por el Seguro Integral deSalud (SIS), en el Hospital de Apoyo Pomabamba (HAP), en Ancash. Material y métodos: Estudio de costos, transversal descriptivo de corte retrospectivo. Se consideraron todos los partos por cesárea en el periodo enero adiciembre 2003, 39 de ellas fueron sin complicaciones y 12 complicadas. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y los reportes operatorios de cada paciente. Se realizó análisis univariado considerando frecuencias, porcentajes y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: La edad media fue 25,57 años (rango: 16-43 años), el índice de cesárea en el periodo fue 5,9 popr ciento. El costo directo por cesárea no complicada fue 307,64 nuevos soles y de la cesárea complicada 469,61 nuevos soles. La diferencia de 52,65 por ciento mayor a la cesárea complicada está relacionada al uso de medicamentos y mayor estancia hospitalaria. El monto por cesárea facturado al SIS en HAP fue 17 633,30nuevos soles (media: 345,75 nuevos soles). Conclusiones: El porcentaje asumido por el HAP para las cesáreasfinanciadas por el SIS fue 36,5 por ciento (6 435,30 nuevos soles). Los costos directos calculados son propios del HAP y no se puede generalizar a otros hospitales, porque varían según las características y prácticas propias de cada hospital. Es necesario considerar estudios de costos que permitan observar posibles brechas en el financiamiento del SIS.


Objective: To determine the direct cost of cesarean section and the rate of reimbursement by health insurance(Seguro Integral de Salud) in Hospital de Apoyo de Pomabamba (HAP), at Ancash. Material and methods: Costingstudy, retrospective cross-sectional study transversal. All caesarean sections during the period January and December 2003. Were included, 39 were non-complicated and 12 complicated. We reviewed clinical and surgical records of each patient. A univariate analysis including central and dispersion measures was done. Results: Mean age of patients was 25.57 years (range: 16-43 years), cesarean section rate during the period was 5.9 per cent. Total amount billed at HAP during the period was 17 633,30 Peruvian Nuevos Soles (media: 345,75 Peruvian Nuevos Soles). Direct costs of non complicated and complicated caesarean section was 307,64 Peruvian Nuevos Soles and 469,61 Peruvian Nuevos Soles. 52,65 per cent higher direct costs in complicated cases was related to drugs prescribed and length of stay. Conclusions: Percentage assumed by HAP for cesarean sections that should be reimbursed by SIS was 36.5 per cent (6 435,30 Peruvian Nuevos Soles ). Estimated direct costs at HAP cannot be generalize to other public hospitals, due to differences in infrastructure and clinical practices. Further national costs studies are needed to estimate financial gaps at the public Insurance Peruvian System.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Cesárea/economia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Reembolso de Seguro de Saúde , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais
13.
J Neurol Sci ; 262(1-2): 153-7, 2007 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17681546

RESUMO

Advances in the field of neurocysticercosis continue to shape our understanding of the disease and our efforts to control it. Several attempts have been made to eradicate the disease with active interventions such as changing domestic pig-raising practices, mass chemotherapy of porcine cysticercosis and taeniasis, selective detection and treatment of taeniasis, and community health education. Moreover, ongoing progress in the diagnosis of taeniasis and the development of a porcine vaccine against cysticercosis in Australia, Mexico and Peru has yielded at least one effective vaccine that is currently available. Thus far, however, attempted interventions have only been successful in temporarily disrupting transmission of the disease. Controlled data on the efficacy and acceptability of the different interventions is urgently needed to provide a base-line schematic for intervention which could later be tailored to each particular endemic scenario.


Assuntos
Neurocisticercose/tratamento farmacológico , Neurocisticercose/prevenção & controle , Teníase/tratamento farmacológico , Teníase/prevenção & controle , Animais , Anticestoides/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Neurocisticercose/patologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Peru/epidemiologia , Sus scrofa/parasitologia , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico , Teníase/epidemiologia , Vacinas/normas , Vacinas/uso terapêutico
15.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 19(4): 181-185, oct.-dic. 2002. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-357506

RESUMO

Objetivos: Evaluar las características de la prescripción y uso de antimicrobianos durante las primeras 24 horas de hospitalización en pacientes internados en el Hospital de Apoyo de La Merced (JUnín, Perú). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal prospectivo que incluyó a los pacientes internados durante el mes de dicimebre de 2001. La evaluación de la calidad de la prescripción fue realizada independientemente por dos médicos especialistas en infectología, constractándose además, con el United States Pharmacopeal Drugs Information (USP-D). Se estimaron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas de las variables del estudio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 105 pacientes y sus respectivas historias clínicas, correspondiendo 70,0 por ciento a pacientes internados en servicios quirúrgicos. En los pacientes hospitalizados la Proporción de PrescripciónAntimicrobiana (PPA) fue 80,9 por ciento. El fármaco más utilizado con fines terapeúticos fue la gentamicina, mientras que las cefalosporinas conformaron la primera opción profiláctica. En 50,6 por ciento de las prescripciones, la elección del fármaco, solo o en asociación, fue la adecuada. La indicación antimicrobiana profiláctica fue más frecuente en los servicios quirúrgicos. Conclusiones: Consideramos que la PPA en el Hospital de Apoyo de la Merced es elevada y se encuentra sobre los niveles reportados nacional e internacionalmente, aunque las diferentes metodologías limitan la comparación. Por otro lado, la proporción de prescripciones inadecuadas tanto para la selección de agentes antimicrobianos, como para la dosis, intervalo y vía de administración, se encuentra dentro de los rangos descritos en países semejantes, no existiendo sustento microbiológico para orientar los tratamientos indicados.


Assuntos
Peru , Anti-Infecciosos , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Primeira Prescrição
16.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 19(3): 124-130, jul.-set. 2002. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-357512

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la relación geográfica entre la severidad de las crisis asmáticas en niños atendidos en el sevicio de emergencia del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) entre enero 1997 y diciembre 1998 y la localización de fábricas con chimenea en el distrito de San Martín de Porras (SMP), Lima-Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Utilizando la información de registros e historias clínicas, se consignó edad, sexo, número de crisis severas del último año, hospitalización previa por crisis asmática, domicilio del paciente y puntaje de Bierman y Pierson al ingreso. Mediante el mapa digitalizado de SMP indexado a la base de datos de la ubicación geográfica, se obtuvo la dirección de los pacientes y las de 10 fábricas con chimeneas. Se definió como área de impacto aquella que tenía fábricas con chimenea y 2-4 casos de crisis asmática severa. Por modelamiento geoespacial se determinaron zonas de impacto y de no impacto asociadas a más casos y presencia de fábricas. Resultados: Se concluyeron 932 niños con edad promedio de 6,5 ñ1,2 vs 1,8 ñ 0,7, p<0,05) que aquellos residentes de las áreas de no impacto. Conclusiones: Existe mayor número de crisis asmáticas severas y hospitalizaciones en pacientes que viven cerca de las fábricas de chimenea del distrito de SMP.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Pediatria , Peru , Poluição do Ar , Estado Asmático
17.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 76(3): 207-14, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12092467

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The present descriptive cross-sectional study, assesses the proportion of antibiotic prescription (PPA), and the quality of it (CPA) in the ambulatory consultation of the department of medicine at the Cayetano Heredia Hospital, as an approach to antibiotic use in Peruvian hospitals. METHODS: The study population was conformed by the patients who went to outpatient care from January 8th to February 2nd, 2001; a sample size of 120 patients was determined out of 1449 patients, to assess CPA. Data on antibiotic prescription was collected, revised and qualified by three experienced physicians, using as gold standard the United States Pharmacopeial Drug Information criteria. RESULTS: PPA was 13.53% (CI 95%: 11.77%-15.29%), without significant differences according to age, sex, doctor's offices and turns. The most frequent diagnoses with antibiotic prescription were: urinary tract infection and pharyngoamigdalitis; the antibiotics more frequently prescribed were: ciprofloxacine and cotrimoxazol. Of the antibiotics, 70.00% were prescribed as non commercial name and 70.83% were registered in the National Petitory of Essential Drugs. We found that 81.67% (CI 95%: 79.68%-83.66%) of the prescriptions were inadequate mainly due to: duration (59.20%) and dose (20.00%) of the antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: PPA obtained is lower than those published in, and CPA is as high as the reported one in other studies. The investigations in this field are still scarce. It is important new research in order to know about prescription, use and adverse reactions of antibiotics. It is necessary to develop a antibiotic policy to improve access and rational use of antibiotic.


Assuntos
Assistência Ambulatorial , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Visita a Consultório Médico/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Área Programática de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru
18.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 76(3): 207-214, mayo 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-16368

RESUMO

Fundamento: La prescripción adecuada de medicamentos incluye, entre otros aspectos, la elección de determinado medicamento en dosis y tiempo requeridos, considerando además su eficacia y conveniencia. El presente estudio transversal descriptivo, tiene como objetivo evaluar la prescripción antibiótica: proporción de prescripción y calidad de la misma, en la consulta ambulatoria del servicio de medicina del Hospital Cayetano Heredia. Métodos: La población estuvo formada por las 1.449 personas que acudieron a la consulta del 8 de enero al 2 de febrero del 2001. Para determinar la calidad se calculó una muestra de 120 personas a partir de las que formaban la población de estudio. La información fue revisada y calificada por tres médicos especialistas, teniendo como patrón referencial la United States Pharmacopeial Drug Information. Resultados: La proporción de prescripción fue del 13,53 per cent (IC 95 per cent: 11,77 per cent-15,29 per cent), sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas según edad, sexo, y consultorios. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes con prescripción antibiótica fueron: infección urinaria y faringoamigdalitis; los antibióticos más prescritos fueron: ciprofloxacina y cotrimoxazol. 70,00 per cent de antibióticos indicados fueron prescritos con nombre genérico y 70,83 per cent se encuentran en el Petitorio Nacional de Medicamentos Esenciales. En relación a la calidad, encontramos 81,67 per cent (IC 95 per cent: 79,68 per cent-83,66 per cent) de prescripciones inadecuadas, en cuanto a duración (59,20 per cent) y dosis (20,00 per cent) del antibiótico. Conclusiones: La proporción de prescripción de antibióticos encontrada fue baja e inferior a la reportada en la literatura, mientras que la calidad inadecuada fue elevada, con valores semejantes a otros estudios. Las investigaciones en este campo son todavía escasas, siendo importante realizar más estudios que permitan documentar las características de la prescripción. Es necesario contar con una política de antibióticos que establezca estrategias dirigidas a mejorar su acceso y uso racional (AU)


Background: The present descriptive cross-sectional study, assesses the proportion of antibiotic prescription (PPA), and the quality of it (CPA) in the ambulatory consultation of the department of medicine at the Cayetano Heredia Hospital, as an approach to antibiotic use in Peruvian hospitals. Methods: The study population was conformed by the patients who went to outpatient care from January 8th to February 2nd, 2001; a sample size of 120 patients was determined out of 1449 patients, to assess CPA. Data on antibiotic prescription was collected, revised and qualified by three experienced physicians, using as gold standard the United States Pharmacopeial Drug Information criteria. Results: PPA was 13,53% (CI 95%: 11.77%-15.29%), without significant differences according to age, sex, doctor's offices and turns. The most frequent diagnoses with antibiotic prescription were: urinary tract infection and pharyngoamigdalitis; the antibiotics more frequently prescribed were: ciprofloxacine and cotrimoxazol. Of the antibiotics, 70,00% were prescribed as non commercial name and 70,83% were registered in the National Petitory of Essential Drugs. We found that 81,67% (CI 95%:79.68%-83.66%) of the prescriptions were inadequate mainly due to: duration (59.20%) and dose (20.00%) of the antibiotic treatment. Conclusions: PPA obtained is lower than those published in, and CPA is as high as the reported one in other studies. The investigations in this field are still scarse. It is important new research in order to know about prescription, use and adverse reactions of antibiotics. It is necessary to develop a antibiotic policy to improve access and rational use of antibiotic (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Assistência Ambulatorial , Visita a Consultório Médico , Peru , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Antibacterianos , Estudos Transversais , Área Programática de Saúde
19.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 64(1): 51-70, mar. 2001.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-295168

RESUMO

Objetivos: identificar las características de la personalidad de los estudiantes de los cuatro primeros años de la Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado de la UPCH, su relación con las características personales y académicas y su comparación con la población norteamericana. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. 334 estudiantes de medicina fueron evaluados mediante el cuestionario de Evaluación de la Personalidad Normal NEO-PI-R. Resultados: Las mujeres tienen mayores niveles de Extroversión, Apertura a la Experiencia y Agradabilidad. Existe asociación entre la edad del estudiante y el fector Extroversión y las facetas ansiedad. Asertividad búsqueda de emociones. Emociones positivas, valores, aspiración de logro y autodisciplina. Los estudiantes limeños tienen mayores niveles de apertura a la experiencia y en las faces calidez, fantasía y sentimiento. Existen diferencia entre los cuatro años de estudio de la Carrera de Medicina en Neuroticismo y Conciencia y en las facetas vulnerabilidad, asertividad, actividad, valores, altruismo, competencia, sentido del deber, aspiraciones de logro y autodisciplina. Los estudiantes de medicina menores de 21 años presentan menores niveles en Neuroticismo, extroversión, apertura a la experiencia y agradabilidad, y mayores niveles en conciencia, al comparar con la estandarización norteamericana. Conclusiones: ciertas características personales y académicas están relacionadas a las características de la personalidad, siendo éstas diferentes al comparar con la población norteamericana.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Personalidade , Estudantes de Medicina , Perfil de Saúde , Peru , Universidades
20.
Rev. méd. hered ; 12(2): 52-57, 2001. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-304075

RESUMO

Objetivo: comparar la medición de la satisfacción de pacientes atendidos en un hospital del Perú mediante el uso de las escalas Likert y Vigesimal. Material y métodos: estudio transversal. 2445 pacientes atendidos en el Instituto de Salud del Niño fueron evaluados mediante una encuesta durante el mes de marzo de 1998, para medir satisfacción mediante dos escalas: Likert y Vigesimal. Resultados: Existe asociación significativa baja entre ambas escalas (rho=0.483, p<0.001), con un coeficiente de determinación de 0.23. Según la definición de satisfacción, el porcentaje de usuarios "no insatisfechos" (37,9 por ciento) para la escala Vigesimal fue mayor al comparar al de la escala Likert (21.4 por ciento) (X²=160.8,p<0.001). Tomando como gold standard la escala de Likert para la medición de la satisfacción, la escala vigesimal tuvo una sensibilidad de 70.9 por ciento y una especificidad de 71.0 por ciento. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en satisfacción de la atención difieren según la escala usada para su medición. La elección de una determinada escala debe considerar los objetivos de la investigación.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Satisfação do Paciente , Estudos Transversais
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